HIS 3100 | HON 3950 Ancient [Near Eastern] Civilizations (Ewald)

Once you have found, read, and analyzed your sources, it's time to put them together with your own ideas to create a brand new interpretation. This is your chance to enter the scholarly conversation!         

When synthesizing your sources, you find ways that they agree or disagree with you as well as with each other. You also use their information as evidence to support your arguments and ideas. You put the ideas and words of your sources into your own paper through paraphrasing and quoting.

To make sure that your reader follows all those trains of thought and also to identify whose ideas and words belong to who, you need to include citations.

Check out these resources so you can be confident that you are incorporating your sources correctly and with a smooth flow.

• Tips on paraphrasing from the Purdue Online Writing Lab, including examples of acceptable and plagiarized writing
• Videos:
  • "Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting" (1:56)
  • Video Lesson: Plagiarism, Quoting and Paraphrasing - EasyBib Blog (2:19)

Artwork (from the APA Manual, 7th edition, section 10.14, #97)

 

 

Books

Basic Format:

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.

 

One author:

 Phillips, S. (2010). The poetics of the everyday: Creative repetition in modern American verse.

   Columbia University Press.

 

Two authors:

 Zamora, L. P. & Faris, W. B. (1995).  Magical realism: Theory, history, community. Duke University Press.

 

 

Book with one editor:

 Eldridge, R. (Ed.). (2009).  The Oxford handbook of philosophy and literature. Oxford University Press.

 

 

Book with two or more editors:

Newburger, H. , Birch, E. L., & Wachter, S. M.  (Eds.). (2011).  Neighborhood and life chances: How

   place matters in modern America. University of Pennsylvania Press.

 

Articles

 

Scholarly Journal

Basic Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.

 

Todd, N. R.,  Houston, J. D., &  Odahl-Ruan, C. A.. (2014). Preliminary validation of the sanctification of social justice scale. Psychology Of  Religion And Spirituality, 6(3), 245-256. 

 

From an Online Database such as Academic Search Premier with DOI

Richardson, J. W. & Sauers, N. J. (2014). Social justice in India: Perspectives from school leaders in diverse contexts. Management In Education, 28(3), 106-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020614535799

 

Websites

From APA Style Guide Online

Webpage on a Website

Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved September 17, 2019, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml

Woodyatt, A. (2019, September 10). Daytime naps once or twice a week may be linked to a healthy heart, researchers say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/10/health/nap-heart-health-wellness-intl-scli/index.html

World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

    Parenthetical citations: (Fagan, 2019; National Institute of Mental Health, 2019; Woodyatt, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018)
    Narrative citations: Fagan (2019), National Institute of Mental Health (2019), Woodyatt (2019), and World Health Organization (2018)

•     Provide as specific a date as is available on the webpage. This might be a year only; a year and month; or a year, month, and day.
•     Italicize the title of a webpage.
•     When the author of the webpage and the publisher of the website are the same, omit the publisher name to avoid repetition (as in the World Health Organization example).
•     When contents of a page are meant to be updated over time but are not archived, include a retrieval date in the reference (as in the Fagan example).
•     Use the webpage on a website format for articles from news websites such as CNN and HuffPost (these sites do not have associated daily or weekly newspapers). Use the newspaper article category for articles from newspaper websites such as The New York Times or The Washington Post.
•     Create a reference to an Online Educational Research (OER) Commons page only when the materials are available for download directly (i.e., the materials are on the page and/or can be downloaded as PDFs or other files). When the “View Resource” button of an OER instead directs you to another website, create a reference to the specific webpage on that website where the materials can be retrieved.
•     Do not create a reference or in-text citation for a whole website. To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. For example, you might mention that you used a website to create a survey.
  • We created our survey using Qualtrics (https://www.qualtrics.com).