BIO 3351 Microbiology

APA style was developed by the American Psychological Association and is the reference and citation style for many academic disciplines including, Education, Nursing, and the Social Sciences.

When looking at online examples or using citation generators, be sure that you are interacting with the Seventh (7th) Edition of APA.

The examples on this site come from APA's Style Site. You may also find the APA Style Blog to be helpful.

There are several things to pay attention to when you are working on your poster project:

• In-Text Citations
• Reference list

  • One of the most common questions students have is about making a hanging indent for the Reference. Watch this  video for three easy ways to make a hanging indent.

  • When putting together a citation or checking one that was automatically generated, pay attention to:

    • Whether you have all the necessary elements. Make sure you know what type of source you have!

    • What order the elements go in.

    • Which items need to be italicized.

    • What type of capitalization a title gets.

Books and eBooks 

For eBooks, follow the example for the type of book you are using and add either the DOI or the URL at the end. For SPU Library eBooks, use just the base of the address, such as https://ebookcentral-proquest-com

For

Basic Format:

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.

 

One author:

 Phillips, S. (2010). The poetics of the everyday: Creative repetition in modern American verse.

   Columbia University Press.

 

eBook version:

Phillips, S. (2010). The poetics of the everyday: Creative repetition in modern American verse.

   Columbia University Press. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com

 

Two authors:

 Zamora, L. P. & Faris, W. B. (1995).  Magical realism: Theory, history, community. Duke University Press.

 

 

Book with one editor:

 Eldridge, R. (Ed.). (2009).  The Oxford handbook of philosophy and literature. Oxford University Press.

 

 

Book with two or more editors:

Newburger, H. , Birch, E. L., & Wachter, S. M.  (Eds.). (2011).  Neighborhood and life chances: How

   place matters in modern America. University of Pennsylvania Press.

 

Articles

 

Scholarly Journal

Basic Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.

 

Todd, N. R.,  Houston, J. D., &  Odahl-Ruan, C. A.. (2014). Preliminary validation of the sanctification of social justice scale. Psychology Of  Religion And Spirituality, 6(3), 245-256. 

 

From an Online Database such as Academic Search Premier with DOI

Richardson, J. W. & Sauers, N. J. (2014). Social justice in India: Perspectives from school leaders in diverse contexts. Management In Education, 28(3), 106-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020614535799

 

Websites

From APA Style Guide Online

Webpage on a Website

Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved September 17, 2019, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml

Woodyatt, A. (2019, September 10). Daytime naps once or twice a week may be linked to a healthy heart, researchers say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/10/health/nap-heart-health-wellness-intl-scli/index.html

World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

    Parenthetical citations: (Fagan, 2019; National Institute of Mental Health, 2019; Woodyatt, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018)
    Narrative citations: Fagan (2019), National Institute of Mental Health (2019), Woodyatt (2019), and World Health Organization (2018)

•     Provide as specific a date as is available on the webpage. This might be a year only; a year and month; or a year, month, and day.
•     Italicize the title of a webpage.
•     When the author of the webpage and the publisher of the website are the same, omit the publisher name to avoid repetition (as in the World Health Organization example).
•     When contents of a page are meant to be updated over time but are not archived, include a retrieval date in the reference (as in the Fagan example).
•     Use the webpage on a website format for articles from news websites such as CNN and HuffPost (these sites do not have associated daily or weekly newspapers). Use the newspaper article category for articles from newspaper websites such as The New York Times or The Washington Post.
•     Create a reference to an Online Educational Research (OER) Commons page only when the materials are available for download directly (i.e., the materials are on the page and/or can be downloaded as PDFs or other files). When the “View Resource” button of an OER instead directs you to another website, create a reference to the specific webpage on that website where the materials can be retrieved.
•     Do not create a reference or in-text citation for a whole website. To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. For example, you might mention that you used a website to create a survey.
  • We created our survey using Qualtrics (https://www.qualtrics.com).

 

You can put images into your paper

• When you add images to your paper, they are referred to as “Figures”
• In the text, refer to figures by their number (i.e., Figure 1 or Figure 2). Do not refer to figures as "the figure below" or "the figure above."
• Align text and images with the left margin.
• Number the figures consecutively, beginning with Figure 1.
• Put the figure number above the image in bold.
• Underneath the figure number, put a short caption in italics.
• Under the image, put any relevant information as a  note, including citation information (see example below)

In-Text Citation referring to a Figure and Figure:

 

Amelia Bloomer (see Figure 1) worked for women’s rights and dress reform. She was born in 1818 in Homer, NY and later, in 1840, moved to Seneca Falls.

Figure 1

Amelia Bloomer in the “short dress” (c. 1852-1858)

Note: From Women’s Rights: Amelia Bloomer. National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/wori/shs4.htm. Copyright 2005.